What are the basic equipment of forging processing
2022-09-26
There are many types of equipment in forging production, mainly including hammer forging equipment, free die forging press, free die forging press, free forging machine, hydraulic press and free forming forging equipment, according to the driving principle and technical characteristics.
(1) Forging hammer forging equipment
Forging hammer is a kind of use of the hammer head, hammer rod and piston composition of falling part of the product in the working stroke class of kinetic energy, at a very high speed blow placed and hammer anvil on the forging blank, falling part of the release of kinetic energy into a lot of pressure to complete the forging plastic deformation equipment, it is a kind of energy equipment, The output energy mainly comes from the gas expansion work in the cylinder and the gravity potential energy of the hammer. This kind of equipment includes air hammer, steam-air hammer, steam-air hammer, hydraulic die forging hammer and so on.
The process characteristics of forging hammer are mainly: the weight of forging hammer equipment and forging ability is the hammer head (slider) output of the impact energy; In the range of forging production work, the load travel characteristic curve is nonlinear, the closer to the end of the travel, the greater the impact energy.
(2) Hot die forging press
Hot die forging press is a kind of die forging equipment which works according to the principle of crank and slide mechanism. The parameters of forging equipment belong to a kind of crank press. It uses motor drive and mechanical transmission to change the rotating motion into the reciprocating linear motion of the slide.
The forging process features of hot die forging press are as follows: because of the mechanical transmission, the slider movement has a fixed bottom dead point; The speed of the slider and the load of the slider change with the position of the slider; When the required load of the pressure process is less than the load of the press, the process can be realized.
(3) free fruit presses
Screw press is a driving mechanism with screw and nut, and by screw drive the flywheel rotation movement into the slide up and down to the movement of the forging machinery.
Screw press is between die forging hammer and hot die forging press a set each forging, forging processing of job characteristics similar to die forging hammer, press stroke is not fixed, allowing the lower position before the return, according to the size of the deformation of die forgings for work, can control capabilities and the number of hit, single screw press die forging, The deformation endurance of die forging is balanced by the elastic deformation of the bed's closed system, which is similar to a hot die forging press.
(4) horizontal forging machine
Forging machine is also known as upsetting machine or horizontal forging machine, the structure is similar to hot die forging press, from the movement principle also belong to a kind of crank press, but the work part is horizontal reciprocating motion, driven by motor and crank connecting rod mechanism respectively two sliders to do reciprocating motion, a slider to install the punch used for forging, another slider installed die to central bar.
Horizontal forging machine main points with local upsetting method production die forgings, on the equipment in addition to the local gathering work step, also can realize punching, bending, flanging, such as trimming and cutting work step, widely used in automobiles, tractors, bearing and forging used in the aviation, the horizontal forging machine has the characteristic of hot die forging press, stiffness big, such as equipment fixed stroke, The dimensional stability of the forging in the length direction (the direction of the strike) is good; Work depends on static pressure forming forgings, small vibration, do not need a huge foundation, flat forging machine forgings production is relatively high, is a kind of universal die forging equipment used in mass forging production.
(5) the hydraulic press
Using hydraulic transmission, the pump station will convert the electric energy into liquid pressure energy, through the hydraulic cylinder and slider (movable beam) to complete the forging process. It is a kind of fixed load equipment, the output load mainly depends on the liquid working pressure and working cylinder area, this kind of equipment including forging hydraulic press, etc.
The process characteristics of the hydraulic press are mainly: because of the slide (movable beam) working stroke of any position can be obtained large plant load, so it is suitable for the need for a long stroke range of the load is basically unchanged extrusion process; Due to the effect of the relief valve in the hydraulic system, it is easy to realize the overplanting protection; In the hydraulic system of hydraulic press, it is convenient to adjust the pressure and flow, and different load, stroke and speed characteristics can be obtained, which not only expands the application range of hydraulic press, but also provides conditions for optimizing the forging process. Because there is no fixed bottom dead point of the slider (movable beam), the influence of the stiffness of the hydraulic press body on the size accuracy of the forging is compensated. In recent years, the progress of hydraulic skills, the increase of the quality and accuracy of hydraulic forging, making the hydraulic press equipment has been rapidly developed.
(6) rotary forming forging equipment
Using motor drive and mechanical transmission, during the working process, the working part of the equipment and the improved forgings, both of them rotate at the same time or one of them. This kind of equipment includes cross wedge rolling machine, roll forging machine, ring rolling machine, spinning machine, swing rolling machine and radial forging machine, etc.
The process characteristics of rotary forming forging equipment are mainly: blank local force, local continuous deformation, so the need to improve the force energy is less, but also can process large forgings; Because of the rotating movement of the forging or the working part of the equipment in the processing process, it is more suitable for the processing of axis, disk, ring and other axisy-symmetric forgings.
(1) Forging hammer forging equipment
Forging hammer is a kind of use of the hammer head, hammer rod and piston composition of falling part of the product in the working stroke class of kinetic energy, at a very high speed blow placed and hammer anvil on the forging blank, falling part of the release of kinetic energy into a lot of pressure to complete the forging plastic deformation equipment, it is a kind of energy equipment, The output energy mainly comes from the gas expansion work in the cylinder and the gravity potential energy of the hammer. This kind of equipment includes air hammer, steam-air hammer, steam-air hammer, hydraulic die forging hammer and so on.
The process characteristics of forging hammer are mainly: the weight of forging hammer equipment and forging ability is the hammer head (slider) output of the impact energy; In the range of forging production work, the load travel characteristic curve is nonlinear, the closer to the end of the travel, the greater the impact energy.
(2) Hot die forging press
Hot die forging press is a kind of die forging equipment which works according to the principle of crank and slide mechanism. The parameters of forging equipment belong to a kind of crank press. It uses motor drive and mechanical transmission to change the rotating motion into the reciprocating linear motion of the slide.
The forging process features of hot die forging press are as follows: because of the mechanical transmission, the slider movement has a fixed bottom dead point; The speed of the slider and the load of the slider change with the position of the slider; When the required load of the pressure process is less than the load of the press, the process can be realized.
(3) free fruit presses
Screw press is a driving mechanism with screw and nut, and by screw drive the flywheel rotation movement into the slide up and down to the movement of the forging machinery.
Screw press is between die forging hammer and hot die forging press a set each forging, forging processing of job characteristics similar to die forging hammer, press stroke is not fixed, allowing the lower position before the return, according to the size of the deformation of die forgings for work, can control capabilities and the number of hit, single screw press die forging, The deformation endurance of die forging is balanced by the elastic deformation of the bed's closed system, which is similar to a hot die forging press.
(4) horizontal forging machine
Forging machine is also known as upsetting machine or horizontal forging machine, the structure is similar to hot die forging press, from the movement principle also belong to a kind of crank press, but the work part is horizontal reciprocating motion, driven by motor and crank connecting rod mechanism respectively two sliders to do reciprocating motion, a slider to install the punch used for forging, another slider installed die to central bar.
Horizontal forging machine main points with local upsetting method production die forgings, on the equipment in addition to the local gathering work step, also can realize punching, bending, flanging, such as trimming and cutting work step, widely used in automobiles, tractors, bearing and forging used in the aviation, the horizontal forging machine has the characteristic of hot die forging press, stiffness big, such as equipment fixed stroke, The dimensional stability of the forging in the length direction (the direction of the strike) is good; Work depends on static pressure forming forgings, small vibration, do not need a huge foundation, flat forging machine forgings production is relatively high, is a kind of universal die forging equipment used in mass forging production.
(5) the hydraulic press
Using hydraulic transmission, the pump station will convert the electric energy into liquid pressure energy, through the hydraulic cylinder and slider (movable beam) to complete the forging process. It is a kind of fixed load equipment, the output load mainly depends on the liquid working pressure and working cylinder area, this kind of equipment including forging hydraulic press, etc.
The process characteristics of the hydraulic press are mainly: because of the slide (movable beam) working stroke of any position can be obtained large plant load, so it is suitable for the need for a long stroke range of the load is basically unchanged extrusion process; Due to the effect of the relief valve in the hydraulic system, it is easy to realize the overplanting protection; In the hydraulic system of hydraulic press, it is convenient to adjust the pressure and flow, and different load, stroke and speed characteristics can be obtained, which not only expands the application range of hydraulic press, but also provides conditions for optimizing the forging process. Because there is no fixed bottom dead point of the slider (movable beam), the influence of the stiffness of the hydraulic press body on the size accuracy of the forging is compensated. In recent years, the progress of hydraulic skills, the increase of the quality and accuracy of hydraulic forging, making the hydraulic press equipment has been rapidly developed.
(6) rotary forming forging equipment
Using motor drive and mechanical transmission, during the working process, the working part of the equipment and the improved forgings, both of them rotate at the same time or one of them. This kind of equipment includes cross wedge rolling machine, roll forging machine, ring rolling machine, spinning machine, swing rolling machine and radial forging machine, etc.
The process characteristics of rotary forming forging equipment are mainly: blank local force, local continuous deformation, so the need to improve the force energy is less, but also can process large forgings; Because of the rotating movement of the forging or the working part of the equipment in the processing process, it is more suitable for the processing of axis, disk, ring and other axisy-symmetric forgings.
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