What are the basic equipment of forging processing
2022-11-28
There are many kinds of equipment in the forging production, according to the driving principle and process characteristics, there are mainly the following categories: hammer forging equipment, hot die forging press, spiral press, flat forging machine, hydraulic press and rotary forming forging equipment, etc.
(1) Forging hammer forging equipment
The forging hammer is a kind of equipment which uses the kinetic energy of the falling part of the hammer head, hammer rod and piston in the working stroke to strike the forging blank on the hammer and anvil at a high speed. The kinetic energy released by the falling part is converted into great pressure to complete the plastic deformation of the forging. It is a kind of fixed energy equipment. The output energy mainly comes from the gas expansion work in the cylinder and the gravity potential energy of the hammer. This kind of equipment includes air hammer, steam-air hammer, steam-air pair hammer, hydraulic forging hammer, etc.
The main characteristics of the forging hammer process are: forging hammer equipment load and forging capacity is the symbol of the hammer (slider) output of the hitting energy; In the forging production stroke range, the load stroke characteristic curve presents nonlinear changes, the closer to the end of the stroke, the greater the strike energy.
(2) Hot die forging press
Hot die forging press is a die forging equipment which works according to the principle of crank slider mechanism. The forging equipment parameters belong to one kind of crank press. It adopts motor drive and mechanical transmission and transforms the rotating motion into the reciprocating linear motion of the slider.
The forging process of hot die forging press has the following characteristics: because of the mechanical transmission, the slider movement has a fixed dead point; Slider speed and slider load with the slider position changes; When the required load of the pressure process is less than the load of the press, the process can be realized.
(3) free fruit spin presses
Screw press is a forging machine which uses screw and nut as driving mechanism, and relies on screw drive to transform the positive and negative rotary movement of flywheel into the up and down movement of slider.
Screw press is a kind of forging equipment between the die forging hammer and the hot die forging press. The working characteristics of forging are similar to that of the die forging hammer. The slider stroke of the press is not fixed, so it can be allowed to return before the low position. The deformation endurance of die forging is balanced by the elastic deformation of the bed closed system, which in turn is similar to the hot die forging press.
(4) Flat forging machine
Flat forging machine is also called upsetting forging machine or horizontal forging machine, similar to the structure of hot die forging press, from the movement principle also belongs to a crank press, but its working part is to do horizontal reciprocating movement, driven by the motor and crank connecting rod mechanism respectively two slider reciprocating movement, a slider installation punch used as forging, the other slider installation die used for central clamping bar material.
The flat forging machine mainly uses the local upsetting method to produce die forging parts. In addition to the local gathering work steps, it can also realize punching, bending, flanging, trimming and cutting, etc. It is widely used in the forgings used in automobiles, tractors, bearings and aviation. The flat forging machine has the characteristics of hot die forging press, such as large stiffness and fixed stroke. The forging has good dimensional stability in the length direction (the direction of being struck); The work relies on static pressure forming forgings, small vibration, do not need a huge foundation, etc., flat forging machine forging production is relatively high, is a general forging equipment used in mass forging production.
(5) Hydraulic press
Using hydraulic transmission, the pump station will convert electric energy into liquid pressure energy, through the hydraulic cylinder and slider (movable beam) to complete the forging process. It is a fixed load equipment, the size of the output load mainly depends on the liquid working pressure and working cylinder area, such equipment includes forging hydraulic press, etc.
Hydraulic press process characteristics are mainly: because in the slider (movable beam) working stroke of any position can be obtained big load, so it is suitable for the need for a long stroke within the range of the load is basically unchanged extrusion process; Because of the role of the relief valve in the hydraulic system, it is easy to realize the over-protection; The hydraulic system of hydraulic press is convenient to adjust the pressure and flow time, which can obtain different load, stroke and speed characteristics. It not only expands the application of hydraulic press, but also makes the conditions for optimizing the forging process. Because the slider (movable beam) has no fixed bottom dead point, so the influence of hydraulic press body stiffness on the dimensional accuracy of forging inch is compensated. In recent years, the progress of hydraulic skills, the increase of hydraulic forging quality and accuracy, makes the hydraulic press equipment has been rapidly developed.
(6) Rotary forming forging equipment
Motor drive and mechanical drive are adopted. In the working process, the working part of the equipment and the improved forging process rotate at the same time or one of them. This kind of equipment includes cross wedge rolling machine, roll forging machine, ring forging machine, spinning machine, swing forging machine and radial forging machine, etc.
The process characteristics of rotary forming forging equipment are as follows: local force and local continuous deformation of blank, so it requires less force and energy to perfect, and it can also process large forgings; Because the forging or the working part of the equipment in the process of processing do rotating motion, so it is more suitable for processing shaft, disc, ring and other axisymetrical forgings.
(1) Forging hammer forging equipment
The forging hammer is a kind of equipment which uses the kinetic energy of the falling part of the hammer head, hammer rod and piston in the working stroke to strike the forging blank on the hammer and anvil at a high speed. The kinetic energy released by the falling part is converted into great pressure to complete the plastic deformation of the forging. It is a kind of fixed energy equipment. The output energy mainly comes from the gas expansion work in the cylinder and the gravity potential energy of the hammer. This kind of equipment includes air hammer, steam-air hammer, steam-air pair hammer, hydraulic forging hammer, etc.
The main characteristics of the forging hammer process are: forging hammer equipment load and forging capacity is the symbol of the hammer (slider) output of the hitting energy; In the forging production stroke range, the load stroke characteristic curve presents nonlinear changes, the closer to the end of the stroke, the greater the strike energy.
(2) Hot die forging press
Hot die forging press is a die forging equipment which works according to the principle of crank slider mechanism. The forging equipment parameters belong to one kind of crank press. It adopts motor drive and mechanical transmission and transforms the rotating motion into the reciprocating linear motion of the slider.
The forging process of hot die forging press has the following characteristics: because of the mechanical transmission, the slider movement has a fixed dead point; Slider speed and slider load with the slider position changes; When the required load of the pressure process is less than the load of the press, the process can be realized.
(3) free fruit spin presses
Screw press is a forging machine which uses screw and nut as driving mechanism, and relies on screw drive to transform the positive and negative rotary movement of flywheel into the up and down movement of slider.
Screw press is a kind of forging equipment between the die forging hammer and the hot die forging press. The working characteristics of forging are similar to that of the die forging hammer. The slider stroke of the press is not fixed, so it can be allowed to return before the low position. The deformation endurance of die forging is balanced by the elastic deformation of the bed closed system, which in turn is similar to the hot die forging press.
(4) Flat forging machine
Flat forging machine is also called upsetting forging machine or horizontal forging machine, similar to the structure of hot die forging press, from the movement principle also belongs to a crank press, but its working part is to do horizontal reciprocating movement, driven by the motor and crank connecting rod mechanism respectively two slider reciprocating movement, a slider installation punch used as forging, the other slider installation die used for central clamping bar material.
The flat forging machine mainly uses the local upsetting method to produce die forging parts. In addition to the local gathering work steps, it can also realize punching, bending, flanging, trimming and cutting, etc. It is widely used in the forgings used in automobiles, tractors, bearings and aviation. The flat forging machine has the characteristics of hot die forging press, such as large stiffness and fixed stroke. The forging has good dimensional stability in the length direction (the direction of being struck); The work relies on static pressure forming forgings, small vibration, do not need a huge foundation, etc., flat forging machine forging production is relatively high, is a general forging equipment used in mass forging production.
(5) Hydraulic press
Using hydraulic transmission, the pump station will convert electric energy into liquid pressure energy, through the hydraulic cylinder and slider (movable beam) to complete the forging process. It is a fixed load equipment, the size of the output load mainly depends on the liquid working pressure and working cylinder area, such equipment includes forging hydraulic press, etc.
Hydraulic press process characteristics are mainly: because in the slider (movable beam) working stroke of any position can be obtained big load, so it is suitable for the need for a long stroke within the range of the load is basically unchanged extrusion process; Because of the role of the relief valve in the hydraulic system, it is easy to realize the over-protection; The hydraulic system of hydraulic press is convenient to adjust the pressure and flow time, which can obtain different load, stroke and speed characteristics. It not only expands the application of hydraulic press, but also makes the conditions for optimizing the forging process. Because the slider (movable beam) has no fixed bottom dead point, so the influence of hydraulic press body stiffness on the dimensional accuracy of forging inch is compensated. In recent years, the progress of hydraulic skills, the increase of hydraulic forging quality and accuracy, makes the hydraulic press equipment has been rapidly developed.
(6) Rotary forming forging equipment
Motor drive and mechanical drive are adopted. In the working process, the working part of the equipment and the improved forging process rotate at the same time or one of them. This kind of equipment includes cross wedge rolling machine, roll forging machine, ring forging machine, spinning machine, swing forging machine and radial forging machine, etc.
The process characteristics of rotary forming forging equipment are as follows: local force and local continuous deformation of blank, so it requires less force and energy to perfect, and it can also process large forgings; Because the forging or the working part of the equipment in the process of processing do rotating motion, so it is more suitable for processing shaft, disc, ring and other axisymetrical forgings.
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