Preparation and process introduction of forging parts

Preparation before forging:

The preparation work before forging processing includes raw material selection, material calculation, blanking, heating, deformation force calculation, equipment selection and mold design.

The method of lubrication and lubricating oil should be selected before forging processing. Forgings involve a wide range of materials, including different types of steel and superalloys, as well as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, copper and other non-ferrous metals, they are processed into different sizes of bars and profiles, as well as a variety of specifications of ingots. Most of the forging materials have been included in the standard, many of which are new materials developed and promoted. As we all know, product quality is often closely related to the quality of raw materials. Therefore, the forger needs to have knowledge of the material and be good at selecting the appropriate material according to the process requirements.

Forging process:

Material calculation and blanking is one of the important links to increase material utilization and achieve blank refinement. Too much material will cause waste, but also aggravate the wear and energy consumption of the mold cavity. If there is no small amount left, it will increase the difficulty of process adjustment and waste rate. In addition, the quality of the blanking end also affects the process and forging quality.

The purpose of heating is to reduce the forging deformation force and increase the metal plasticity. But heating also brings a host of problems, such as oxidation, decarbonization, overheating and overheating. The control of initial and final forging temperature has great influence on the structure and performance of the product.

Flame furnace heating has the advantages of low cost and strong applicability, but the heating time is long, it is easy to produce oxidation and decarbonization, and the working conditions need to be constantly changed. Induction heating has the advantages of fast heating and less oxidation, but the adaptability to product shape, size and material changes is poor.

Forging is produced under the action of external forces. Therefore, the correct calculation of the deformation force is the basis for selecting the equipment and checking the mold. Stress-strain analysis in deformation is also important for optimizing the process and controlling the structure and properties of forgings.

There are four main methods to analyze the deformation force of forging parts. Although the principal stress method is not very strict, it is relatively simple and intuitive. It can calculate the total pressure and stress distribution on the contact surface between the workpiece and the tool. The slip line method is strict to the plane strain problem and intuitive to solve the local deformation stress distribution in high parts, but its application range is narrow.